2. Signaling Pathways
  3. GPCR/G Protein
    Neuronal Signaling
  4. Adrenergic Receptor

Adrenergic Receptor

Beta Receptor

Adrenergic Receptor

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Adrenergic receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of the catecholamines, especially norepinephrine and epinephrine. Many cells possess these receptors, and the binding of a catecholamine to the receptor will generally stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight-or-flight response, which includes widening the pupils of the eye, mobilizing energy, and diverting blood flow from non-essential organs to skeletal muscle. There are two main groups of adrenergic receptors, α and β, with several subtypes. α receptors have the subtypes α1 and α2. β receptors have the subtypes β1, β2 and β3. All three are linked to Gs proteins, which in turn are linked to adenylate cyclase. Agonist binding thus causes a rise in the intracellular concentration of the second messenger cAMP. Downstream effectors of cAMP include cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), which mediates some of the intracellular events following hormone binding.

Adrenergic Receptor Isoform Specific Products:

Adrenergic Receptor Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-153483
    Bamosiran
    		Inhibitor
    Bamosiran is a small interfering RNA targeting β-adrenergic receptor 2, and is used to lower intraocular pressure
    Bamosiran
  • HY-149728
    β2AR agonist 3
    		Agonist
    β2AR agonist 3 (compound 9a) is a β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonist. β2AR agonist 3 can be used for type 2 diabetes research.
    β2AR agonist 3
  • HY-128483R
    Fusaric acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Fusaric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fusaric acid (HY-128483). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fusaric acid is an orally active multi-pathway inhibitor with the activity of inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. Fusaric acid can chelate divalent metal cations, damage mitochondrial membrane structure, and activate apoptosis-related proteases such as Caspase-3/7, -8, and -9. Fusaric acid also regulates Bax/Bcl-2 protein, inhibits fibrosis-related signaling pathways such as NF-κB, TGF-β1/SMADs, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and reduces collagen deposition. Fusaric acid is also a dopamine β-hydroxylase inhibitor, which reduces endogenous levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine in the brain, heart, spleen, and adrenal glands. Fusaric acid can play a role in myocardial fibrosis and improve cardiac hypertrophy in heart disease, and can also be used in the study of esophageal cancer and liver cancer.
    Fusaric acid (Standard)
  • HY-B0098S
    Doxazosin-d8
    		Antagonist
    Doxazosin-d8 is a deuterium labeled Doxazosin (UK 33274). Doxazosin is a quinazoline-derivative that selectively antagonizes postsynaptic α1 adrenergic receptors.
    Doxazosin-d<sub>8</sub>
  • HY-19057
    Vatinoxan
    		Antagonist
    Vatinoxan (MK-467) is an alpha 2-adrenergic receptor antagonist. The peripheral selectivity of Vatinoxan determines that it has limited penetration across the blood-brain barrier and therefore has low concentrations in the central nervous system. Vatinoxan antagonizes alpha 2-adrenergic receptor receptors by binding to them, thereby reducing or preventing cardiovascular effects caused by α2-adrenergic agonists. Vatinoxan can be used in studies of cardiovascular effects, sedation and analgesia.
    Vatinoxan
  • HY-B0194AS
    Tizanidine-d4 hydrochloride
    		Agonist
    Tizanidine-d4 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Tizanidine (hydrochloride).
    Tizanidine-d<sub>4</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-106933A
    Dabelotine methanesulfonate
    		Activator
    Dabelotine (methanesulfonate) is a cognitive enhancer. Dabelotine (methanesulfonate) can be used for Alzheimer disease (AD) research.
    Dabelotine methanesulfonate
  • HY-14539A
    Clozapine hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    Clozapine hydrochloride (HF 1854 hydrochloride) is an antipsychotic used for the research of schizophrenia. Clozapine hydrochloride has high affinity for a number of neuroreceptors. Clozapine hydrochloride is a potent antagonist of dopamine D2 with a Ki of 75 nM. Clozapine hydrochloride inhibits the muscarinic M1 receptor and serotonin 5HT2A receptor with Kis of 9.5 nM and 4 nM, respectively. Clozapine hydrochloride is also a potent and selective agonist at the muscarinic M4 receptor (EC50=11 nM).
    Clozapine hydrochloride
  • HY-17416AS
    Guanfacine-13C,15N3
    Guanfacine-13C,15N3 is the 13C and 15N labeled Guanfacine. Guanfacine is an orally active noradrenergic α2A agonist and has high selective for the α2A receptor subtype. Guanfacine has effects in producing hypotension and sedation. Guanfacine can be used for the research of a variety of prefrontal cortex (PFC) cognitive disorders, including tourette's syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
    Guanfacine-<sup>13</sup>C,<sup>15</sup>N<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-A0019BS
    (R)-9-Hydroxy Risperidone-d4
    (R)-9-Hydroxy Risperidone-d4 is the deuterium labeled (R)-9-Hydroxy Risperidone.
    (R)-9-Hydroxy Risperidone-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-116379
    RS-100329
    		Antagonist
    RS-100329 is an α1-adrenergic receptor (α1-AR) antagonist that effectively inhibits α1-adrenergic receptor-mediated contractions of lower urinary tract tissues in vitro and in vivo. RS-100329 can be used in the research of symptoms related to benign prostatic hyperplasia.
    RS-100329
  • HY-122272S2
    Paroxetine-d6-1
    		Inhibitor
    Paroxetine-d6-1 is a deuterated labeled Paroxetine. Paroxetine, a phenylpiperidine derivative, is a potent and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Paroxetine is a very weak inhibitor of norepinephrine (NE) uptake but it is still more potent at this site than the other SSRIs.
    Paroxetine-d<sub>6</sub>-1
  • HY-W909149
    TAAR1 agonist 3
    		Agonist
    TAAR1 agonist 3 is a trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonist (pEC50=7.6). TAAR1 agonist 3 is also a full agonist of the α2A receptor (pEC50=6). TAAR1 agonist 3 can be used in the study of neuropsychiatric diseases.
    TAAR1 agonist 3
  • HY-W742256
    N-Nitroso nebivolol (mixture of diastereomers)
    		Control
    N-Nitroso nebivolol (mixture of diastereomers) is a nitrosamine and mutagenic.
    N-Nitroso nebivolol (mixture of diastereomers)
  • HY-121166
    Levobetaxolol
    		Antagonist
    Levobetaxolol is a potent and high affinity β-adrenergic antagonist with IC50 values of 33.2, 2970, 709 nM for guinea pig atrial β1, tracheal β2 and rat colonic β3 receptors, respectively. Levobetaxolol reduces IOP (intraocular pressure). Levobetaxolol exhibits a micromolar affinity for L-type Ca21-channels. Levobetaxolol decreases the effects of ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Levobetaxolol has the potential for the research of glaucoma.
    Levobetaxolol
  • HY-101337A
    Imiloxan hydrochloride
    		Antagonist 98.47%
    Imiloxan hydrochloride is a potent and selective alpha 2B-adrenoceptor antagonist. Imiloxan hydrochloride has the potential for acute kidney injury research.
    Imiloxan hydrochloride
  • HY-B1098A
    Hydroxyamphetamine hydrobromide
    Hydroxyamphetamine (4-Hydroxyamphetamine) hydrobromide is a sympathomimetic agent, stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Hydroxyamphetamine hydrobromide can be used in eye drops to dilate the pupil.
    Hydroxyamphetamine hydrobromide
  • HY-B0010AS
    Formoterol-d3
    		Agonist
    Formoterol-d3 is deuterium labeled Arformoterol. Arformoterol ((R,R)-Formoterol), the (R,R)-enantiomer of Formoterol, is a long-acting β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist, with a Kd of 2.9 nM. Arformoterol can be used for the research of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
    Formoterol-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-B1001
    Todralazine
    		Inhibitor
    Todralazine (Ecarazine) is an anti-hypertensive agent, acts as a β2AR blocker, with antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity.
    Todralazine
  • HY-W742404
    Bopindolol-d9
    Bopindolol-d9 ((±)-Bopindolol-d9) is the deuterium labeled Bopindolol (HY-B1562). Bopindolol ((±)-Bopindolol) is an orally active antagonist of β-adrenoceptors (ARs) with partial agonist activity. Bopindolol is non-selective for β1- and β2-ARs and has low affinity for β3-AR subtype. Bopindolol has intrinsic sympathomimetic as well as membrane stabilizing actions, inhibits renin secretion, and interacts with 5-HT receptors. Bopindolol is a proagent of Pindolol (HY-B0982). Bopindolol can be used for essential and renovascular hypertension research.
    Bopindolol-d<sub>9</sub>
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Adrenergic Receptor Isoform Comparison

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